What Is Organic Fish?

Is there such a thing as organic fish?  Surely all fish comes from the sea and eats whatever fish eat?  How can we control that?

As far as I know, fish caught in the wild cannot be marketed as organic in the UK.  However, several supermarkets and many independent organic retailers now stock organic trout and salmon produced in fish farms.  Several types of farmed mussels and shellfish are also likely to become more widely available in the future.

In organic fish farming, many of the pesticides, dyes and antibiotics widely used in conventional fish farming are not permitted and so these fish products are generally accepted to be credible organic products by both the soil association and consumers.

However, from an animal welfare point of view, there is some controversy about allowing farmed fish to be labelled as organic.  Organic principles demand that livestock (which includes fish) should be able to express its ''natural'' behaviour pattern and be kept as close to natural stocking densities as possible.  How can this be when they are kept in cages in either inland or in fish farms out at sea?

The true cost of fish farming

Fish farming seems like a practical solution to the problem of overfishing.  Fish farming, however, is the cause of many problems.  In the UK, its salmon thats most closely associated with farming -- and its shortcomings.  Public demand for cheaper food means that farmed salmon are often kept, for financial reasons, very densely stocked, with huge numbers of fish crammed into very little space.  In this state, the fish can more easily become diseased, and these diseases can spread to wild fish.  Huge amounts of antibiotics are required to keep the fish moderately healthy.  Also a confidential study for the UKs top organic body highlighted gaps between its principles and the standards it accepted, BBC Newsnight reported.

Is organic fish sustainable?

Other problems are escapes, when farmed fish interbreed with wild fish and potentially weaken wild stocks, as well as pollution to the water and seabed around fish farms.  Farmed salmon, which are carnivorous, eat three times their body weight in fish feed, which is made from other fish -- not the best use of resources from an environmental point of view.

What Is Organic Chicken?

We all know about organic fruit and vegetables but did you know that you can now buy organic chicken?

People must have heard about the nasty conditions which broiler chickens -- which are bred for their meat -- are raised in?  These chickens have no more floor space than a sheet of A4 paper.  Chickens are over-fed to reach slaughter weight in six weeks, when it would normally take four months.

Modem intensive systems of poultry production have produced cheap meat for the consumer -- but at a price.  Inside the intensive chicken houses, which are appearing in increasing numbers in the countryside, up to 40,000 birds are crammed, at 2 birds to the square foot, into a single windowless building, with almost continuous low levels of artificial light, they are then given drugs to speed up their rate of growth.  Keeping so many animals packed together in such a stressful environment can only contribute to their rates of infection.  It seems logical that the Chinese flu infections that we were seeing transmitted to humans comes from this same intensive farming.  It isnt necessary to produce food in this way.

Organic farmers do a number of things to ensure that chickens are reared as naturally as possible.  For starters, antibiotic growth promoters cannot be used but sick organic birds must be treated with appropriate veterinary medicine, so they can be given antibiotics if theyre very poorly.  But they cannot be given drugs on a regular and routine basis, something that almost all non-organic poultry have to endure.  Organic poultry is reared on a specially formulated feed containing only cereals, vegetable protein, a small amount of fish meal, and a vitamin/mineral supplement.  These chickens are often guaranteed to be fed on feed which is free from genetically modified feedstuffs (GMOs).  To be fully organic, chickens must be fed a diet containing grain which has been grown organically, without artificial fertilisers or sprays.  Such feed is expensive, and therefore organic chicken is more expensive as well.

Also, on Soil Association registered farms, the number of chickens housed in a single shed is restricted to 1,000.  A non-organic intensive chicken farm may have as many as 40,000 in the same shed.  Organic birds are kept free-range, having continuous daytime access to clean pasture, except in adverse weather.  Non-organic birds are almost always locked up night and day.

In addition, the Soil Association insists on full and clear labeling of processed chicken products.  They are able to trace back to the farm all ingredients used in any Soil Association chicken products.  Their organic certification standards state that food must undergo as little processing as is practical.

Organic standards are legally binding.  All organic businesses must be licensed by law, and are fully inspected at least once a year.  So if you want to see for yourself how organic animals are reared, why not visit an organic farm?